Investigations into celestial escapades

In [1]:

library(tidyverse)

Warning: package 'tidyr' was built under R version 4.3.2

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Warning: package 'dplyr' was built under R version 4.3.2

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library(gt)

Warning: package 'gt' was built under R version 4.3.2

1 Introduction

In [2]:

births <- sort(sample(unique(dplyr::starwars$birth_year), 8))

In [3]:

set.seed(1000)
births_df <- starwars |> 
  drop_na(birth_year) |> 
  slice_sample(n = 8) 

births_df |> 
  ggplot(aes(birth_year, !is.na(birth_year))) +
  geom_point() +
  labs(x = "Year", y = "Birth") +
  theme_bw() +
  theme(axis.text.y = element_blank(),
        axis.ticks.y = element_blank()) 

Figure 1: Timeline of Births in Star Wars

In [4]:

avg_years_between_births <- births_df |>
  arrange(birth_year) |> 
  mutate(diff = birth_year - lag(birth_year)) |> 
  summarise(avg = round(mean(diff, na.rm = TRUE), 1)) |> 
  pull(avg)

Based on data up to and including 2019, births in the Star Wars multiverse can be said to happen every 7.3 years on average.

In an unrelated gambit to emulate a fashion of scholarly writing, this author references, Lipset (1960). Lipset discussed the nature of democracy and the role of party representation. His paper highlights the difference in understanding of democracy between sociologists and laymen. While public opinion often emphasizes the freedom of citizens to elect representatives, sociologists focus on the social processes and elites that influence these democratic systems.

A sampling of eight births were recorded since star-date zero (Figure 1).

Data and methods are discussed in Section 2.

Let \(x\) denote the number of births in a year. Then, \(x\) can be modeled by a Poisson distribution

\[ p(x) = \frac{e^{-\lambda} \lambda^{x}}{x !} \tag{1}\]

where \(\lambda\) is the rate of births per year. Using Equation 1, the probability of a birth in the next \(t\) years can be calculated.

Below is a table generated from a data frame and presented via the {gt} package

In [5]:

In [6]:

births_df |> 
  select(name, birth_year) |> 
  gt::gt() |> 
  gt::tab_style(
    style = cell_text(weight = "bold"),
    locations = cells_column_labels()
  )

Table 1: A table of Star Wars characters and their birth years

name	birth_year
Darth Vader	41.9
Lando Calrissian	31.0
Ackbar	41.0
Padmé Amidala	46.0
Mace Windu	72.0
Palpatine	82.0
Bail Prestor Organa	67.0
Darth Maul	54.0

However, as the situation demands, more basic tables can be presented with Markdown.

Table 2: Minor Star Wars characters and their hair color

Name	Hair Color
Adi Gallia	none
Dormé	brown
Zam Wessell	blonde
Taun We	none
Jocasta Nu	white
Shaak Ti	none

Table 1 lists the birth years of a sample of Star Wars characters. Meanwhile, Table 2 summarises Minor Star Wars characters and their hair color.

Figure 2: The Epsilon Eridani system

Epsilon Eridani is visible from most of Earth’s surface. Located at a distance 10.5 light-years (3.2 parsecs) from the Sun (Figure 2).

Also notable is the ability to perform calculations in notebooks. This means multiple computation notebooks can be used in a project. Outputs and artifacts of those notebooks, then, can be embedded in the main manuscript page, or other notebooks. Below Figure 3 is an embedded figure derived from a separate notebook file.

In [7]:

starwars |> 
  filter(mass < 500) |> 
  drop_na(mass) |> 
  ggplot(aes(height, mass)) +
  geom_smooth(method = lm, se = FALSE, color = "grey80") +
  geom_jitter(aes(color = gender)) +
  scale_color_brewer(palette = "Set1",
                     na.value = "goldenrod") +
  theme_minimal()

`geom_smooth()` using formula = 'y ~ x'

Figure 3: Starwars characters: mass over height

Figure 3 shows the relationship of mass over height for a sample of _Star Wars* characters.

2 Data & Methods

3 Conclusion

(A), Let’s not forget how cool Figure 1 is. But, (B), don’t forget (A).

References

Lipset, Seymour Martin. 1960. “Party Systems and the Representation of Social Groups.” European Journal of Sociology 1 (1): 50–85. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0003975600000059.

Figure 1: Timeline of Births in Star Wars Figure 2: The Epsilon Eridani system Figure 3: Starwars characters: mass over height